An le so 80/2025/AL — HDTP TAND Toi cao thong qua ngay 24/12/2025. Giai quyet cau hoi: Khi mot ben vo/chong tang cho ve so chua mo thuong, sau do ve so trung giai lon — nguoi vo/chong con lai co quyen doi phan tien thuong khong?
Tom tat vu viec
Ong T — chu xuong san xuat — mua mot so to ve so. Dau gio chieu ngay 07/01/2021, ong dua cho ba D (cong nhan) 1 to ve so menh gia 10.000 dong va hua neu trung thuong se chia deu cho tat ca cong nhan co mat ngay hom do.
Chieu cung ngay, to ve so trung giai dac biet 2 ty dong. Ong T lay lai to ve so tu tay ba D roi di linh thuong nhung sau do khong chia.
18 cong nhan khoi kien. Vo ong T lap luan rang to ve so la tai san chung vo chong, ong T chi co quyen tang 50% — tu chon chong thanh 50% gia tri to ve so trung thuong.
Toa giam doc tham bac toan bo lap luan do.
Hai diem phap ly then chot
1. Doi tuong hop dong la to ve so CHUA mo thuong — khong phai tien trung thuong
Khi ong T tang cho ba D to ve so, doi tuong cua hop dong tang cho la to giay ve so 10.000 dong chua mo thuong — khong phai khoan tien 2 ty dong.
Viec to ve so sau do trung thuong la su kien xay ra SAU khi giao ket hop dong. Ket qua trung thuong thuoc ve nguoi duoc tang cho (ba D va cac cong nhan).
2. Vo khong can dong y khi chong tang tai san co gia tri khong dang ke
To ve so 10.000 dong — so voi chi phi tieu dung hang ngay — co gia tri khong dang ke. Do do, ong T hoan toan co quyen tu y dinh doat ma khong can su dong y cua vo, theo khoan 2 Dieu 32 Luat Hon nhan va Gia dinh 2014.
Lap luan cua vo ong T rang ong T chi co quyen tang 50% la sai ve doi tuong hop dong: nham lan giua to ve so chua mo thuong (10.000d) voi tien trung thuong (2 ty). Ong T da tang di to giay 10.000 dong, khong phai tang tien thuong.
Giai phap phap ly cua an le
To ve so chua mo thuong la dong san khong phai dang ky quyen so huu. Viec tang cho tai san nay khong can su dong y cua vo hoac chong cua nguoi tang cho.
Doi tuong cua hop dong tang cho phai duoc xac dinh tai thoi diem giao ket — la to ve so chua mo thuong, khong phai tien trung thuong sau do.
Bai hoc thuc tien
Nguyen tac rut ra: khi xac dinh hop dong, phai can cu vao doi tuong tai thoi diem giao ket, khong phai gia tri phat sinh sau do.
Vi du tuong tu: Chong tang ban mot manh dat re tien o vung ngoai o. Sau do dat nay tang gia gap 10 lan do quy hoach. Vo khong the doi lai 50% phan tang gia voi ly do "chong tang tai san chung ma khong co su dong y" — vi tai thoi diem tang, dat co gia tri thap va khong thuoc cac truong hop bat buoc phai co su dong y cua vo.
Dieu 35 Luat Hon nhan va Gia dinh 2014: Viec dinh doat tai san chung phai co su thoa thuan bang van ban cua vo chong doi voi: bat dong san, dong san phai dang ky, tai san la nguon song duy nhat cua gia dinh, tai san dung de kinh doanh. To ve so 10.000d khong thuoc bat ky truong hop nao trong so nay.
Co tranh chap tai san vo chong?
Luat su Quang An tu van thang kha nang thang/thua — mien phi lan dau, phan hoi 30 phut.